6 Things to Know about Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs)
The postpartum period brings significant adjustments—new baby, new family dynamics, and new routines. While new parents expect challenges like sleep deprivation, hormonal changes, and loss of leisure time, it’s essential to recognize when these adjustments may become overwhelming. Here’s what you need to know about postpartum mental health.
Baby Blues Affect Up to 80% of Postpartum Women.
The “baby blues” can start within a week after delivery, attributed to substantial physiological changes in the mother. Symptoms can include tearfulness, mood swings, irritability, feeling overwhelmed, and difficulty sleeping. Unlike a diagnosable mood disorder, these symptoms usually resolve within 2-3 weeks and typically don’t hinder everyday functioning or bonding with the infant.
Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs) Are the Most Common Complication of Pregnancy.
Affecting up to 20% of postpartum women, PMADs are more prevalent than gestational diabetes, preterm labor, or low birth weight. PMADs encompass a range of diagnosable mental health disorders that arise during the perinatal period, including depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trauma symptoms. Those with a history of mental health disorders are at higher risk during this time.
“Mommy Brain” Is a Real Condition!
If you’re feeling more disorganized or forgetful, you might attribute it to “Mommy brain,” but recent research indicates that pregnancy and postpartum experiences can indeed impact cognitive function (up to 2 years postpartum!). Factors such as sleep deprivation, hormonal fluctuations, and the demands of multitasking as a new parent contribute to these feelings. The intense learning curve of parenting, from calculating naps to managing feedings, can leave anyone feeling mentally stretched.
New Dads Are Also at Risk for “Daddy Blues” and Paternal Postnatal Depression (PPND).
Just as new mothers may experience postpartum depression, new fathers can also face “daddy blues” and PPND, influenced by hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, and stress. Symptoms can include feeling down, mood swings, or difficulty coping with a crying baby. Between 4-25% of new fathers experience depression in the first year, with higher rates when mothers struggle with postpartum depression. Unfortunately, fewer than 50% of men seek treatment.
Perfectionistic and Introverted Individuals Are at Greater Risk for PMADs.
Individuals with perfectionistic traits may find parenting particularly challenging, as they value order and control—qualities that don’t always translate well to the unpredictable nature of caring for a baby. Introverts may also struggle, as the demands of parenthood can leave little time for self-care and recharge. Both traits can heighten the stress and anxiety associated with postpartum life.
PMADs Are Treatable!
The symptoms linked to perinatal mood and anxiety disorders are highly responsive to treatment. Effective approaches may include talk therapy, self-care practices, exercise, better sleep and nutrition, social support, and medication. If individual efforts aren’t sufficient, consulting a trusted healthcare professional or a therapist experienced in PMADs is recommended. Remember, seeking help is a strong step toward recovery and well-being.